Growth of Malassezia furfur in Media with The Addition of Basil (Ocimum basilicum Linn) Powder

Malassezia furfur is very easy to infect the skin of people who are often in damp places with higher water content for a long time. One of the plants that can add to inhibit the growth of Malassezia furfur is basil. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of Malassezia furfur mushroom growths formed on the SDA media with the addition of basil powder concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% on day 5. The method used in this study was experimental with a post-test research design with control. The material used is the leaves of basil plants obtained from basil plantations in Sukamara Village, Landasan Ulin Banjarbaru, Indonesia. The results of the study, Malassezia furfur, grew in all concentrations with a creamy colony, smooth and soft texture with sizes between 1-2 mm and microscopically obtained hyphae and spores. The conclusion of this study, Malassezia furfur mushroom growth in all concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% with the results of the number of colonies in a row that is 798 colonies, 755 colonies, 661 colonies, 622 colonies. The results showed a decrease in the name of colonies, with each increase in concentration.


INTRODUCTION
Skin disease can cause skin malfunction, and this is as serious as liver and kidney disease. One of the superficial skin diseases that most often appear in the community is the fungus tinea versicolor 1 .
Tinea versicolor (Pityriasis Versicolor) in Indonesia has a high incidence. Some hospitals in Indonesia have a high number of patients with superficial dermatophytosis Pityriasis Versicolor in dermatophytosis. This disease is commonly found in low socioeconomic populations and is associated with high or low personal hygiene (2). Tinea versicolor is a skin disease that often occurs, both in women and men, especially health and poor sanitation. Tinea versicolor caused by the superficial fungus Malassezia furfur 3 .
Malassezia furfur is a type of fungus that can infect the stratum corneum of the epidermis of the skin that often suffers from people who often sweat. Malassezia furfur mushrooms are very easy to affect the skin of people who are often in damp places with higher water content in a long time 4 . Malassezia furfur is a hyphae phase that has invasive, pathogenic properties and can found at the site of the lesion. Parts of the body Utilization of natural ingredients began to bloom among the people as the phenomenon of resistance to chemical drugs increased 5 . One of the medicinal herbs used in the community is basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Basil community used as a vegetable or salad. Aside from being a plant, basil also has the property to overcome bad breath, body odor, lifeless body, anti-inflammation, natural antibiotics, diuretics, analgesics, blood circulation, cleanse toxins, antimalarials, menstrual pain, antifungal, prevent cancer and reduce cholesterol. Basil is also rich in beta-carotene and magnesium, which functions to maintain and maintain heart health 6 . Besides, basil can treat headaches, coughs, diarrhea, constipation, warts, worms, kidney damage, and digestive problems 7 .
In basil plants (Ocimum basilicum L.) has many chemical contents, including saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and essential oils. The main ingredient in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an essential oil 8 . Essential oils in basil leaves reported having an antibacterial activity 9 . Essential oils from this plant also function antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and antioxidant 10,11 . Ocimum basilicum L. is antioxidant and antimicrobial because of its content of phenolic acids and aromatic compounds 12,13 . Basil extract can also reduce the number of minced pork microbes 14 .
Basil essential oil has shown to inhibit the growth of Malassezia furfur in the medium in vitro. Still, the basil leaves which processed into powder have not proven to inhibit the growth of these fungi. Basil material expected even to contain essential oils that function as antifungal. Although this essential oil is not released directly from the powder, it is possible to diffuse the media so that it inhibits the growth of Malassezia furfur mushrooms. This study aims to determine the picture of Malassezia furfur fungus growth in the media with the addition of basil powder.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This type of research used in this study is experimental. The material used was the leaves of the basil plant obtained from the basil plantation in the village of Sukamara Landasan Ulin Banjarbaru, Indonesia which determined in the primary laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Lambung Mangkurat University.
The basil used is fresh green leaves. The leaves are washed thoroughly first and roasted at 50 o C for 6 hours until the basil is dry. Then blend the dried basil until it becomes powder. The powder sieved on a sieve. The treatment by taking the fungus Malassezia furfur was dissolved with sterile NaCl and then compared with MacFarland Standard 0.1. The 10µ suspension spread over the surface of the Saboraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) medium containing 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% basil powder, and control. It leveled with a bent triangle as a whole on the surface of the SDA media. Observe the growth of the fungus ie, the number of colonies macroscopically and microscopically on days 3-7.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The results of research on the growth picture of Malassezia furfur fungi on media with macroscopic addition of basil powder can see in Figure 1 and Table 1.  At each concentration macroscopic examination was performed to see the color, surface, and size of the Malassezia furfur fungi colonies that had formed.   and 4%, the fungus grows with the same colony size of ± 0.1 mm on average. At concentrations of 6% and 8%, the fungus grows with the same colony size of ± 0.2 mm on average. Based on the results of research on the growth of Malassezia furfur fungi colonies on SDA media with the addition of basil powder. Fungi can grow at all concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%, but there is a decrease in the number of colonies from small levels to significant concentrations. They show that the basil leaves may contain compounds that have anti-fungal activity. Some compounds contained in basil leaves, which thought to have an action against Malassezia furfur, are eugenol.
Other studies show basil essential oil can inhibit the growth of fungi such as A. brassicicola, A. Flavus, F. Moniliform, P. grisea, F. proliferratum 18 . Gunadi & Dian's research (2010), about basil leaf essential oil activity in Malassezia furfur in vitro, shows the results of not getting growth of fungal colonies on media that have been added basil essential oil at a concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5% 6.25%.
This study uses basil powder in inhibiting the growth of Malassezia furfur at a concentration of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%. Less effective results found in inhibiting the fungus Malassezia furfur. They can cause differences in the types of materials used in the study, namely materials in the form of powder and essential oils of basil leaves. In the research of Gunadi and Dian (2010), Basil essential oil can inhibit Malassezia furfur at the lowest concentration, 6.25%, which is characterized by no growth in the media. Whereas in this study, basil powder was less able to inhibit the growth of Malassezia furfur at the highest concentration, 8% with a reduction in the number of colonies, although there is still growing so that the use of basil powder is less effective in inhibiting the growth of Malassezia furfur compared to essential oils.
The limitation of this study is the maximum concentration of basil powder used by 8% so that no powder concentration found, which could inhibit the growth of Malassezia furfur optimally (the colony did not grow on the media). Further research expected to use powder with a concentration of 10-50%.

CONCLUSION
Malassezia furfur mushroom growth in all concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% with the results of the number of colonies in a row that is 798 colonies, 755 colonies, 661 colonies, 622 colonies.